From the naming of the polyester thread, we can know that its main component is polyester. What is the chemical structure of the polyester?
The basic constituent of polyester is polyethylene terephthalate, also known as polyester fiber. The chemical structure of the long-chain molecule is H(OCH2CCOCO)NOCH2CH2OH, and the relative molecular weight is generally about 18,000-25000. In fact, there are still a small amount of monomers and oligomers present. These oligomers have a low degree of polymerization and are present in a cyclic form.
From the composition of the polyester molecule, it is composed of a short aliphatic hydrocarbon chain, an ester group, a benzene ring, and a terminal alcohol group. In addition to the presence of two terminal alcoholic hydroxyl groups in the polyester, there are no other polar groups, and thus the polyester fiber is extremely poor in hydrophilicity. Polyester molecules contain about 46% ester groups. The ester groups can be hydrolyzed and pyrolyzed at high temperatures, and then hydrolyzed in the presence of alkali to reduce the degree of polymerization. It also contains an aliphatic hydrocarbon chain, which makes the polyester molecule have a certain flexibility, but because there are benzene rings in the polyester molecule that cannot be rotated inside, the polyester macromolecule is basically a rigid molecule, and the molecular chain is easy to maintain a linear shape. Therefore, the polyester macromolecule easily forms crystals under this condition, so the crystallinity and orientation of the polyester are high.
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