Chrysanthemum stone was formed more than 200 million years ago. It belongs to the texture stone. It is a natural "flower" in geology. It is mainly composed of lapis lazuli or calcite minerals. It consists of a nearly round vermiculite which forms the center of the petals. Chrysanthemum, so called "Chrysanthemum Stone", also known as the town stone, rich stone. Chrysanthemum stone is a very common ornamental stone and is very popular among people.
The cause of chrysanthemum stone
Chrysanthemum stone, commonly known as stone chrysanthemum, is produced in the Permian Qixia period, which was formed from 275 million to 270 million years ago. At that time, the regional oceanic forms existed. As time went by, the seawater accumulated in the low-lying area of ​​the surface evaporated. The geology has changed drastically, and some of the seabed silt and marine life have entered the depths of the earth's crust. When the depth of barium sulfate in seawater is increased to a certain extent, crystals are formed, which are gradually attached to the core of the meteorite, and are deposited with the muddy water in the water, dispersed in the marl layer, after hundreds of millions of years of high temperature and high pressure. Condensed, it is a natural fossil of ancient fossils.
Chrysanthemum stone origin
So far, no reports on chrysanthemum stone have been found in other countries in the world. China is the only country in the world that produces chrysanthemum stone. Chrysanthemum stone is produced in some areas of the Yangtze River basin in China, with very little distribution.
The three chrysanthemum stone producing areas we found were all in the Permian strata. From the discovery of Liuyang chrysanthemum stone during the Qianlong period, the only place of production of chrysanthemum stone was Liuyang in the two hundred years after the founding of the new China. In the 1970s, after discovering the symbiosis with sepiolite, geologists found the sites of chrysanthemum stones in Ningqiang, Shimen, and other places in Shimen. In the 1990s, some Changhua Township mining areas in Xuan'en, Hubei, Enshi Red Earth, Jianshi Sulfur Factory and Jiangxi High-grade Chrysanthemum Stone Mine were discovered.
Chrysanthemum stone not only has the value of ornamental collection, but also has important implications for finding work and ancient environment research.
Characteristics of chrysanthemum stone
The flower shape is diverse and vivid, and the carving is suitable for the two characteristics of the chrysanthemum stone.
1, the pattern is interesting and natural. Most of the petals are layered, with a single layer, multiple layers, and a strong three-dimensional effect. Its flowers vary in size and flower shape, and there are phoenix-tailed, butterfly-like, and hydrangea. The petals are also different. Some petals have the same length and are scattered evenly around the flower, like the blooming chrysanthemum; some petals have different lengths and form regular elliptical flowers; some have different widths and are scattered in three dimensions. No flowers are seen; some petals radiate in the same direction around the stamen at a steep dip, resembling a flower bud that holds the scorpion. The stamens of the chrysanthemum stone are arranged in a staggered manner between the surrounding rocks, with muddy layers or fine layers.
2, suitable for carving. After the rough stone is mined, there is no bright color, and it needs to be processed to establish its appreciation value. Stone carving craftsmen are good at using the natural shape, grain and color of chrysanthemum stone, and using embossing, openwork, round carving and multi-level hollowing, to create a variety of vivid and vivid forms. Chrysanthemum stone carving has a number of processes, such as opening, flattening, matching, etc., to engrave a variety of utensils, such as the platform, the pen holder, the bonsai and so on.
Type of chrysanthemum stone
There are many kinds of chrysanthemum stones, and the more common one is Liuyang chrysanthemum stone.
1, Liuyang chrysanthemum stone
Liuyang Lake is the earliest place to discover chrysanthemum stones in China. The quality of the chrysanthemum stone in the Liuyang Lake is the best. The matrix rocks around the chrysanthemum are siliceous gravel limestone or limestone. In the limestone, occasionally the brachiopod biofossils and coral fossils add vitality to the chrysanthemum stone. More than 300 years ago, this rare raw material was already produced in Liuyang, Hunan Province, and it is still being developed and utilized.
2. Yongfeng chrysanthemum stone
In the 1990s, Mr. Guan Xiaopei discovered the chrysanthemum stone in the Fujibha River area of ​​Yongfeng County, Jiangxi Province, and named it “Chrysanthemum Waterstoneâ€.
3, Xuanen chrysanthemum stone
Xuanen Chrysanthemum Stone is a famous handicraft stone in the Yangtze River Basin. Xuan'en County is located on the south bank of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, so Xuanen Chrysanthemum Stone is also called the Three Gorges Chrysanthemum Stone. It is produced in the Permian strata more than 200 million years ago in the western part of Hubei Province, China. The beautiful chrysanthemum petals of the Xuanen Chrysanthemum are composed of natural lapis lazuli calcite. The center of the heart is stretched around the center of the heart. It is published on the delicate black base. The flowers are different and beautiful. It is a must in the world.
4, Shaanxi Chrysanthemum Stone
Shaanxi geological work first discovered the same type of chrysanthemum stone material as Liuyang in southwestern Shaanxi in 1977. Since then, Shaanxi has become China's third chrysanthemum stone raw material base.
5, yellow stone chrysanthemum stone
The biggest feature of chrysanthemum stone produced in Huangshi, Hubei is: no matter the size, the number of chrysanthemums, the color or the white or the color, it is the cliff-stitched soil that people walk from an east-west of the Huangjing Mountains to a thousand meters and a width of only a few meters. Excavated, due to geological erosion, the stamens and petals are concave and convex, and some planes can reach 1-2 cm. The boundaries are clear and distinct, rich in layers and three-dimensional, without any intention, and have a natural beauty.
Identification of chrysanthemum stone
Since the chrysanthemum stone production is rare, the price has climbed all the way. However, the current natural and complete chrysanthemum stone has almost disappeared, so the price of the best chrysanthemum stone is very high, so there are some fake means on the market. There are now phenomena of artificially carved peony flower petals posing as natural chrysanthemum stones, and some chrysanthemum stones themselves have defects, and black pigments or black lacquers cover their defects. When collecting and purchasing, you need to discern carefully.
1, change the flower shape or color
Because chrysanthemum stone has a variety of flower shapes and colors. So some people use people's psychology of advocating nature. The modified chrysanthemum stone has the characteristics of being fragile and fragile by physically or chemically changing the color or flower shape of the chrysanthemum stone.
2, reinforcement stone
Most of the exposed chrysanthemum stones in the natural environment are severely weathered and ruined, and the collection and ornamental value are greatly reduced. As a result, some people reinforced the loose material to pretend to be the finest stone. However, it is generally only a reinforcement surface, so it is difficult to withstand collision, and the reflection is also very unnatural.
3, smear paint
In order to cover damaged or dimly lit chrysanthemum stones, paint the stones with paint or other black and brown pigments. As long as the collectors carefully identify them, they find that the color of the smudge is very different from the natural color.
4, plus flowers
On the stone without growing chrysanthemum, the petal-like stone trough is directly engraved, and the position of the stamen is engraved into a circular or elliptical shape which is recessed inward, and then injected with white marble powder and colloid. Natural chrysanthemum stone petals have small cracks, which are more natural, while artificially made petals have no cracks.
5, plus flower core
The soul of chrysanthemum stone is a flower, a flower and a core are relatively common, and no core or multiple stamens are rare. Some people have artificially carved the chrysanthemum stone into a no-core or multi-core. The chrysanthemum stone material treated with the stamen will change, the petals appear abrupt, the shape is unnatural, and the color has significant differences.
6, posing as chrysanthemum stone
Many lawless elements use people's psychology to chase the chrysanthemum stone without knowing the chrysanthemum stone. They use other stone flowers to impersonate, and even the stone flowers are artificially carved, just crafts, without any collection value. The center of the real chrysanthemum stone should generally have a matrix stone of the same color as the petals. The fine chrysanthemum stone base is compact and hard, the chrysanthemum is intact, the flower is clear and moving, and the color is natural.
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