What is smog and PM2.5
The main components of smog are sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and respirable particulate matter. Among them, the inhalable particulate matter is what we often call PM (particulatematter). PM2.5 is a contaminant particle with a diameter of 2.5 microns or less. The particles larger than the PM2.5 particles are PM10, and the larger is PM50. The fine dust flying in the sunlight is PM50 or larger.
When PM50 and PM10 reach our nose and throat, respectively, they are prevented from moving further by the cilia. PM2.5 and particulate matter less than PM2.5 can reach the alveoli directly, thus entering the entire blood circulation system. They not only directly harm our respiratory and cardiovascular systems, but also easily attach toxic and harmful substances into the body, which increases the risk of carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic.
How to choose a mask
It is understood that there are three main types of so-called "anti-mite masks" currently on the market:
First, gauze mask: This mask can filter out most of the dust and germs, but has little protection against PM2.5;
The second is the activated carbon mask: this mask adds an activated carbon layer with adsorption, but it only acts to isolate the odor, and it is not effective against the particulate matter.
The third is medical masks: including medical disposable masks and N95 masks. Ordinary disposable medical masks are generally made of non-woven fabric, which have anti-fogging and moisture absorption effects, but the effect of filtering particulate matter is not ideal and is not suitable for resisting PM2.5. In contrast, the N95 mask has a better anti-mite effect, but the breathability is poor, which is easy to cause breathing difficulties. If you wear it for a long time, it will cause hypoxia and chest tightness. Children with poor respiratory function, elderly people and cardiovascular diseases should not be long. Time to wear.
Effective mask protection depends on the composition of the mask material, the filter efficiency of the mask, and the degree of fit of the mask to the face. The denser the material of the mask, the smaller the material gap, the less easy the particles are to pass, the better the filtration efficiency, but the greater the inspiratory resistance and the less comfortable the wearer. Therefore, it is necessary to find a balance between filtration efficiency and inspiratory resistance. In addition, the degree of fit between the mask and the face is also important for the protective effect of the mask. If the combination between the face and the mask is loose, the air containing harmful particles can easily enter the human respiratory tract.
How do ordinary people buy qualified medical protective masks?
When buying a mask, be sure not to be confused by the shape, color, and some so-called publicity. If you have the conditions, it is better to buy it at a medical institution.
The use of "N-95 mask" is more common in China. "N-95" is the standard for American masks. "N" means that the mask can protect against non-oily particles, and "95" means that the filter has a filtration efficiency of 95%. The "N-95 mask" can be either an industrial mask or a medical mask. However, if the "N-95 medical protective mask" is sold in China, it must be marked "GB19083-2010" in the outer packaging.
In addition to purchasing qualified medical protective masks, it is important to make the masks closely match the face when wearing them. The medical staff must choose the suitability test for the mask when wearing a medical respirator. When the ordinary people wear it, first press the mask around the face with your hand. Feel the resistance when you breathe in and out.
Medical respirators are not disposable masks. In general, medical respirators can be worn for 1 week.
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