Characteristics and application of natural antibacterial fiber
The characteristics of natural antibacterial fiber and the application of natural antibacterial fiber electrospinning in natural polymer materials have been limited by the polymer polyelectrolyte effect, so the research in this field has limitations. At present, the natural polymers that can be used in the electrospinning method to prepare fibers mainly include polysaccharide biopolymers and protein biopolymers, while the antibacterial effects are mainly polysaccharide polymer materials. In the research work of preparing natural antibacterial fiber membranes, chitosan is mainly substituted. Chitosan is prepared by reprocessing of chitin. Its molecular structure is linear macromolecule, which is biocompatible, antibacterial and gas permeable. And biodegradable, modified chitosan also has amphiphilic properties. Based on these characteristics, chitosan has been a hotspot in the research of scholars [37-38], but the application of chitosan in electrospinning technology has been limited by the solubility of chitosan, a single chitosan for static electricity. Spinning has strict requirements on solvents. VRIEZE et al. first electrospin a single chitosan under the conditions of acetic acid [39] or trifluoroacetic acid [40-41]. The electrospun fibers obtained by this method have Antibacterial effect. Under the problem of single chitosan solubility problem, the researchers used chitosan derivative-quaternary ammonium chitosan as the electrospinning solute. The quaternary ammonium chitosan has good solubility and also has better antibacterial properties than chitosan. It is electrospun using water or PVP as a solvent, and the obtained fiber felt is against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Antibacterial effect CHEN et al [44] prepared a collagen/chitosan electrospun nanofiber membrane for wound dressing by electrospinning, which had no effect on the growth of fibroblasts, and the fiber membrane showed no cytotoxicity. It has good in vitro biocompatibility; animal experiments show better wound healing than commercial collagen sponge dressings. Due to the inherent biological properties of natural materials, it has an irreplaceable role in the biocompatibility and degradability of antibacterial fibers. Therefore, electrospinning natural antibacterial fibers have become a research hotspot, and also occupy a certain proportion in industrial production. However, natural antibacterial agents have poor heat resistance, short potency, and are generally biomacromolecules with high relative molecular mass [45], and their solubility in electrospinning solution is a need to be solved. The problem. There are few types of highly effective antibacterial natural antibacterial agents available at present, and new and highly effective antibacterial agents are found to be the development direction of the field.
The reasonable mixing of the different components of the composite antibacterial fiber can not only show the characteristics of a single material, but also tend to make the composite composite have better performance than the single material. Electrospun composite antibacterial fibers with synergistic antibacterial effects have also been developed [46]. When constructing composite antibacterial fiber, in addition to understanding the antibacterial properties of the single component, the antibacterial mechanism of each antibacterial component should also be known, otherwise the neutralization effect of antibacterial effect may occur. At present, the preparation of composite nano antibacterial fiber or fiber mat by electrospinning technology has been widely concerned by researchers. According to the function of single component in composite fiber, composite antibacterial fiber material can be divided into two: composite high-efficiency antibacterial fiber material and composite functional antibacterial fiber material. 1 is the composition of partially electrospun composite antibacterial fiber.
The composite composite high-efficiency antibacterial fiber material of antibacterial material and other functional materials is generally reflected in the high efficiency of antibacterial function, the range of antibacterial spectrum is increased, the stability of antibacterial material itself is enhanced, and the number of cycles is increased. The single material with antibacterial properties mainly includes three types: silver nanoparticles in inorganic antibacterial agents, TiO2 nanoparticles, quaternary ammonium salts of organic antibacterial agents, chitosan and lysozyme of natural antibacterial agents. Composite high-efficiency antibacterial materials are different kinds of antibacterial agents. Different methods are used to make the spinning solution, and then electrospinning is carried out to prepare new multi-component high-efficiency antibacterial fiber materials. LEE et al. [58] added silver nitrate to the dissolved chitosan solution, reduced it with NaBH4, dialyzed the prepared chitosan/Ag nanoparticle mixture, lyophilized, and then passed the electrospinning technique to TFA/DCM. (7:3) mixed solution as solvent to prepare composite fiber. Finally, the prepared fiber is placed in the solution 3OH) and the residual solvent in the spinning process. It can be seen that there is almost no influence on the fiber morphology prepared by electrospinning before and after neutralization (a) chitosan nanofibers, (b) shell aggregation in microbial antibacterial experiments, testing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, addition of nanoparticles The amount of inhibition (mass fraction) was 0, 2%, 1.3%, and 0.7%, respectively, and the inhibition zones were 0, 16.73, 16.58, and 16.07 mm, respectively; The inhibition zone size of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was 0, 15.75, 15.42, 14.9 mm. The results show that with the increase of Ag nanoparticle content, the antibacterial effect is gradually enhanced, and the amount of silver can determine the strength of the antibacterial effect. In the research of electrospinning technology to prepare composite antibacterial fiber materials, in addition to the combination of binary antibacterial agents, multi-component antibacterial agents have also attracted researchers' attention. ELAMIRA et al [59] prepared chitosan/silver protein/polyvinyl alcohol (CTS/SS/PVA) fiber mat and fiber mat with Ag-NO3, and carried out microbial antibacterial test. In the test for E. coli, the concentration of Escherichia coli was 2.5×105 (Colony – Forming Units) CFU/mL and CTS/SS/PVA fiber felt was 3.5× after adding polyvinyl alcohol fiber felt. 105 CFU/mL and CTS/SS/PVA/AgNO3 fiber mats are 0 CFU/mL. As a control experiment without antibacterial property, it can be seen that the CTS/SS/PVA fiber felt has no antibacterial effect on the number of colonies after the action of Escherichia coli. gjrbc0G1Uy
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